ABC stands for ActionScript Byte Code, and is the bytecode format and instruction set used by Tamarin to execute.
ESC was Adobe/Mozilla's ECMAScript 4 compiler, written in ECMAScript 4. After the big ES4 crash and debacle, work on the compiler was abandoned.
ASC is Adobe's ActionScript 3 and ECMAScript compiler, written in Java. ASC is very complex and has a complicated and hard-to-follow architecture. I'll attempt to document it soon.